10, 22, 32, 42, 50 However, much confusion surrounds these terms in the literature, with some authors using supination and pronation instead of, or interchangeably with, inversion and eversion. The motions thus produced have been termed pronation (a combination of dorsiflexion, abduction, and eversion) and supination (a combination of plantarflexion, adduction, and inversion). 10, 25, 32, 42 These axes allow motion in all three planes simultaneously. 7 However, more contemporary explanations describe motion at these joints as occurring around oblique axes that lie at angles to all three cardinal planes. Traditional anatomical descriptions of motion at the ankle (talocrural), subtalar, and transverse tarsal joints depict motions that occur at these joints as dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion in their classical definitions (see Chapter 1). Dorsally, the transverse tarsal joint is reinforced by the dorsal talonavicular and calcaneocuboid ligaments and by the bifurcated ligament. More laterally, the plantar surface of the calcaneocuboid joint is supported by the long and short plantar ligaments, both of which originate from the plantar surface of the calcaneus and insert onto the metatarsal and cuboid bones. The plantar calcaneonavicular, or spring, ligament supports the head of the talus by spanning the plantar surface of the talonavicular joint from the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus to the navicular. Reinforcement of the transverse tarsal joint is provided via several ligaments that span its joints (see Fig. Laterally, the joint surfaces of the transverse tarsal joint are irregular, as the distal surface of the calcaneus and the proximal surface of the cuboid are both convex and concave. The talonavicular joint consists of the convex talar head articulating with a concave distal joint surface composed of the navicular bone and the spring ligament. The transverse tarsal joint is a collective term used for the combined talonavicular joint and the more laterally located calcaneocuboid joint (see Fig. 13-3 Subtalar joint (disarticulated) and associated ligaments. 7, 32, 46 The subtalar joint receives additional reinforcement from the collateral ligaments of the ankle, as well as from anterior, posterior, and lateral talocalcaneal ligaments. Each of these ligaments is broad and strong and interconnects the talus superiorly with the calcaneus inferiorly. 7, 21, 40, 46 A primary source of ligamentous stablility for the subtalar joint comes from two ligaments located within the sinus tarsi: the cervical ligament and the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament. The anterior articulation, formed by contact between the convex head of the talus and the concave middle and anterior talar facets of the calcaneus, is also part of the talocalcaneonavicular joint (an articulation between the anterior aspects of the talus and the calcaneus and the posterior aspect of the navicular). The posterior articulation occurs between the convex posterior talar facet of the calcaneus and the concave posterior calcaneal facet of the talus. The subtalar, or talocalcaneal, joint is formed by two articulations-a posterior and an anterior-between the talus and the calcaneus ( Fig. 13-2 Ligaments of the ankle, subtalar, and transverse tarsal joints. The two talofibular ligaments attach to the anterior and posterior aspects of the talus, and the calcaneofibular ligament has its inferior attachment on the calcaneus. All three of these ligaments have their origin on the lateral malleolus. From anterior to posterior, these include the anterior talofibular ligament, the calcaneofibular ligament, and the posterior talofibular ligament ( Fig. 35 The lateral collateral ligament of the ankle consists of three distinct components. 24, 31 This ligament consists of superficial and deep bands and provides strong reinforcement to the medial side of the joint. The medial collateral ligament, also termed the deltoid ligament, originates from the medial malleolus and spreads in a fan-shaped manner over the medial aspect of the ankle to attach to the talus, calcaneus, and navicular bones ( Fig. 5, 7, 24, 31 Ligamentous reinforcement of the talocrural joint is provided by collateral ligaments that span the medial and lateral aspects of the joint. The ankle, or talocrural, joint consists of the articulation of a concave proximal, mortise-shaped joint surface formed by the distal tibia and fibular malleolus, with the convex proximal surface of the talus ( Fig.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |